500-999 acres. Chart. PLANTATION NAMES. Slave imports to the islands of the Caribbean began in the early 16th century. Check the County Records Microfilm Catalog under Ordinary Court records. National Archives and Records Administration in Washington, D.C. We can be contacted at wiki@genealogicalstudies.com. PLANTATION NAMES. before.) Estate Records: Includes wills, letters of administration, inventories, annual returns, sales, and guardian bonds. surname. the census page), the number of slaves they held in the County where the slaves were enumerated and the first census page An excellent snapshot of schools within the county in any given year. It grew in intensity in places around the Chesapeake Bay, even as slavery was gradually abolished in the North. Georgias population passed 1 million residents for the first time in 1860. And then the amazing thing is that if you follow the families from census to census, you find that the adults are ultimately becoming literate probably because their children, who had learned how to read and write in school, were going home and teaching their parents what they had learned themselves. 2 Rolls. It is estimated by this transcriber that in 1860, slaveholders of 200 or more slaves, while constituting less than 1 Reconstruction Returns of Voters, 1867, RG 1-1-108: Lists voters number; date of registry; name; number and page in Oath Book; race; time of residence in state, county and precinct within a year; nativity by state or county; naturalization (if any); and remarks (if any). In comparing census data for different years, the transcriber did not consider any So at the 1870 census a black man who reported he could not read or write by 1880 was now reporting that he could read and write. addressed in this transcription. Negroeswas about 1.7 times more than what the colored population had been 100 years Church minutes usually list members, and often indicate race and legal status (free or slave). Colorado, in 1885 (special federal census); Michigan, in 1884, 1888 (Union veterans), and 1894; New Mexico, in 1885 (federal territorial); Ohio, quadrennial censuses in 1883, 1887, 1891, 1895, and 1899 (availability varies by county); Oregon, in 1885 and 1895 (only a few counties survive); South Dakota, in 1885 (federal territorial) and 1895; Washington, in 1883, 1885, 1887, 1889, 1891, and 1892 (availability varies by county); This page was last edited on 27 April 2023, at 09:26. But in the two decades of the 1660s and 1670s the laws of slave ownership were clarified (for example, Africans who converted to Christianity did no longer have to be manumitted), and the price of servants may have increased because of rising wage rates in prospering England; soon thereafter African slaves replaced English indentured labourers. separate list of the surnames of the holders with information on numbers of African Americans on the 1870 census who were African American slaves had been freed by the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 or by the ratification of the 13th Amendment in 1865. 1522. Charleston County saw an increase in colored population of almost two thirds between 1860 States that saw significant increases in colored population WebThe 1870 census: the first after emancipation As the 1860 federal census preceded the end of slavery in 1864-1865, the 1870 federal census is extremely important to African Type of taxes paid also indicate occupation and wealth. WebReconstruction (1865-1877), the turbulent era following the Civil War, was the effort to reintegrate Southern states from the Confederacy and 4 million newly-freed people into D., 50 slaves, Harris page 203B, CRUDUP, E. A., 53 slaves, Dunns page 179, DAVIS, A. H., N. Massenburg Exr. D., 50 slaves, Harris page 207, WILLIAMS, Wm. 1880 U.S. Census - Calvin Kelly household. Army. The estate records of a slave holder who died before emancipation may list slaves by name. Records of Slave Trials, 1800-1850: Available for 6 counties: Baldwin, Hancock, Jones, Lincoln, Putnam, Screven (plus Trials of Free Persons of Color), Taliaferro (only Trials of Free Persons of Color). Free African Americans were almost entirely excluded, in part by an extensive system of patrols, from the majority slave populations of the Deep South. About Us | Contact Us | Copyright | Report Inappropriate Material 1870 Overview - History - U.S. Census Bureau Excluding slaves, the 1860 U.S. population was 27,167,529, with who used the surname of a former owner in 1870, vary widely and from region to region. WebApproximately 600,000 of 10 million African slaves made their way into the American colonies before the slave trade not slavery was banned by Congress in 1808. 3,953,760 In 1790, the first census of the United States counted 697,624 slaves. One of the fundamental problems of history is scale: how can historians move between understanding the past in terms of a single life and in the lives of millions; within a city and at the bounds of continents; over a period of days and over the span of centuries? To use individual functions (e.g., mark statistics as favourites, set R. Young for, 23 slaves, Harris page 193B, YOUNG, Bryant, 24 slaves, Harris page 194. Following the holder Overseer, 27 slaves, Harris page 179B ends (As a side note, by 1960, 100 years later, the County was WebThis was an increase of 35.4 percent over the 23,069,876 persons enumerated during the 1850 census. United States: black and slave population 1790-1880 | Statista An animation of density of the total population from 1790 to 1860. This website requires a paid subscription for full access. the source film personally to verify or modify the information in this transcription for their own The History of Slavery in North America Quiz. The free white population in the North grew in already settled places and spread to the West. They assembled close to 2,000 tables on everything quantifiable in American history. You should check the state archives or historical societies for the availability of these alternate records in the counties and states in which you are researching. You only have access to basic statistics. P., 45 slaves, Harris page 208, WILLIAMSON, Tempie? In 1862, during the Civil War, President Abraham The total population included 3,953,762 slaves. This is the first significant uprising of African slaves. According to a new five-volume compilation called Historical Statistics, the percentage of former slaves who said they couldn't read or write plummeted after emancipation. Business Solutions including all features. In many counties, the County Courts were primarily used to try freedmen. ELLIOTT: That's economic historian Susan Carter. A full exploration of how slaves decided upon the surname by which they would become known as freedmen has never been completed. Again, this information can be used to identify slave owners. The 1870 population census was the Ninth Decennial Census of the United States. State Records Executive Department (RG 1) Governors Letter Books, 1786-1897, RG 1-1-1: Among other subjects, these books indicate problems with the illegal importation of slaves and runaway slaves. Senegambia: The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Senegal Published information giving names of slaveholders and numbers of slaves held is This is a very important distinction, for you cannot assume these relationships without additional evidence. Below you can see two animations comparing the density of the slave population and the density of the total population (keep in mind that the scales are different). States that saw Also listed were the reported fugitive and manumitted (freed) slaves and the deaf, blind, insane, and idiotic slaves. According to U.S. Census data, the 1860 Franklin NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by an NPR contractor. Sr., 21 slaves, Harris page 203, RODWELL, Robert, 24 slaves, Harris page 220, RUFFIN, Mary, 22 slaves, Galloway page 188B, SLOTH?, Thos. 5 Roles (Georgia Archives Microfilm #231 /1-5) This microfilm publication reproduces the seven volumes (eight bound parts) of records compiled for publication by the Colored Troops Division of the Adjutant Generals Office. Should the federal government pay reparations to the descendants of enslaved people? during that time, and were therefore possible places of relocation for colored persons from Census data Privacy Policy. Cotton could be grown profitably on smaller plots than could sugar, with the result that in 1860 the average cotton plantation had only about 35 slaves, not all of whom produced cotton. S., 75 slaves, Harris page 208B, HOLDEN, Benj., 34 slaves, Franklinton page 180B, HOLDEN, Richd., 21 slaves, Franklinton page 180B, JEFFREYS, Robt. microfilm can be viewed to find out whether the ancestor was a holder of a fewer number of slaves or not a slaveholder at The researcher should keep in mind that many churches in Georgia had both white and black members, and in some cases, slaves and/or freedmen were not allowed to have a separate church body. Check the County Records Microfilm Catalog under the name of the county and Ordinary records. If you are an admin, please authenticate by logging in again. Show publisher information U.S. But for the most part the slave population spread westward to the lands opened for settlement by the Louisiana Purchase, the dispossession of the Indian nations of the Southeast, the war with Mexico, and the distribution of public lands. The last column shows the what percentage of the total U.S. population were enslaved. What did you find? The process of publication of slaveholder names beginning with larger slaveholders will enable naming of the holders 1870s-1900s, General Assembly (RG 37) Summary Committee Reports, RG 37-8-35 [Example: Report of the American Negro Study Committee, 1970]. ALFORD, Eli, 20 slaves, Galloway page 185B, ALSTON, Alfred, 50 slaves, Harris page 205, ALSTON, Thos. Currently, you are using a shared account. Learn more about how Statista can support your business. Between 1860 and 1870, the North Carolina colored population increased by about 31,000, to As historian Susan Schulten has shown, this particular map was created by a federal government agency from statistics gathered by the Census. But Harvey Amani Whitfield has shown that some Vermont African Americans were held in bondage. The last U.S. census slave schedules were enumerated by County in 1860 and included 393,975 named persons holding States that saw significant increases in colored population Immediately after the Civil War employers are often listed. Researching the late nineteenth century, from Reconstruction immediately following the Civil War to the eve of the twentieth century, can be both a blessing and a curse for many African American families. At a glance, the viewer could see the large-scale patterns of the economic system that kept nearly 4 million people in bondage: slavery was concentrated along the Chesapeake Bay and in eastern Virginia; along the South Carolina and Georgia coasts; in a crescent of lands in Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi; and most of all, in the Mississippi River Valley. And they went back and they literally read every newspaper in a chosen southern state, and said we're going to record every instance of lynchings that are reported in these newspapers, and then they marched state by state by state. This census serves as a sort of gatekeeper between our families in the twentieth century, and their nineteenth-century antecedents. 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