Determinants of health outcomes in industrialized countries: A pooled, cross-country, time-series analysis. Journal of cleaner production, 212, 11661178. Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. Polity IV Project: Political regime characteristics and transitions, 18002002: Dataset users manual. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate whether two sustainable development goals (SDGs) of the UN are contradictory or supporting each other in low-income countries. Previous works mostly provide global evidence, while only a few studies focus on less developed countries. Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research. BMJ, 311(7015), 12821285. CESifo Working Paper (No. The changes created by social and political globalization play a major role in this emergence. Policy makers should remove the barriers on globalization, and they should promote participation on international organizations and publicprivate and civil society partnerships. Therefore, governments' tendency to violate human rights in order to maintain their power becomes lesser. The largest job creation and destruction effects come from environmental, technology and economic trends. Businesses in several different countries may be involved in producing even seemingly simple products such as cotton T-shirts.Globalization affects services too. Healthy people have higher opportunities to earn a higher income than unhealthy people. Our empirical work also supports the evidence of Bergh and Nilsson (2010) in terms of positive effect of economic globalization on life expectancy. It requires cooperation between governments and societies. American Economic Review, 96(2), 313318. Barlow, R., & Vissandjee, B. In conclusion, no contradiction was found between SDG3 and SDG17 in those countries. This method considers the cross-sectional dependence and can be used, while N>T and T>N. The CADF regression is: \({\stackrel{-}{y}}_{t}\) is the average of all N observations. Chudik A, & Pesaran, MH (2013) Large panel data models with cross-sectional dependence: a survey. The impact of economic, social, and political globalization and democracy on life expectancy in low-income countries: are sustainable development goals contradictory?. By increasing the international exchange of goods, technological advances, and information, globalization increases economic development for any country participating in the global economy. When these countries are examined, it is seen that 14 of them are countries in the low and lower-middle income groups. Both of the estimators require cointegrated variables in the long run. Using estimation techniques that consider cross-sectional dependence in those countries prevents misleading results. The estimations do not take this process into account may cause inconsistent results. The 17 Sustainable Development Goals announced by the United Nations are important guides for the development processes of developing countries. This integration has both positive and negative effects. These days we experience the coronavirus epidemic and we see once again the importance of globalization. Dollar, D. (2001). The result is a smaller, more connected world. Impact of Globalisation | Positive and Negative Effects of The low-income countries also suffer from low institutional quality in the context of democracy and political rights. Constant and trend are both considered in the analysis of cointegration, and critical values are obtained from 5000 bootstrap replications. Good for living? Increased Transport of Goods One of the primary results of globalization is that it opens businesses up to new markets in which they can sell goods and source labor, raw materials, and components. In our empirical work, economic, social, and political globalization and democracy variables were used as proxies of the subcomponents of SDG17. (2007). According to the United Nations (2019), the main indicators of global partnerships are trade, foreign direct investments, remittances, financial integration technology transfers, data monitoring and accountability, internet usage, and political integration among countries. In addition, the life expectancy at birth variable that mostly used in related literature as a proxy of health status and well-being, it is used in our study as a proxy of SDG3. International Journal of Health Services, 36(4), 767786. In our study, while globalization is used as a proxy indicator of global cooperation, democracy is an indicator of cooperation between societies and governments. The Future of Jobs Report 2023 | World Economic Forum This approach is simply based on adding cross-sectional averages to the models as proxies of unobserved common factors. (2006). (2006). Globalization, government ideology, and income inequality in developing countries. The globalization of cultural subgroups is not limited to the upper classes. Maryland: University of Maryland. In addition, in the error terms obtained from models 1, 2, 3, and 4 the null of no cross-sectional dependence is rejected at 1%. In the estimation of long-run coefficients, the CUP-FM estimator was used and this method is based on the following regression, where \({\widehat{\lambda }}_{i}^{^{\prime}}\) refers to the estimated factor loadings and \(\hat{y}_{{i,t}}^{ + } = y_{{i,t}} - \left( {\lambda _{i} ^{\prime } \hat{\Omega }_{{F \in i}} + \hat{\Omega }_{{\mu \in i}} } \right)\hat{\Omega }_{{ \in i}}^{{ - 1}} {{\Delta }}x_{{i,t}}\) indicates the transformation of the dependent variable for endogeneity correction. International trade, capital flows, migration, technological transfer and cultural exchanges are some of the typical manifestations of this process. Pesaran MH (2004) General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels. Maximum lag level is determined as 3, while optimum lag level is determined by F joint test from general to particular. Arif Eser Guzel. PDF The Social Impact of Globalization in the Developing Countries In their recent study, Shahbaz et al. Westerlund (2007) showed that the estimation of k provides better results compared to CUP-FM estimator assuming k is known. American Economic Review, 105(5), 100104. Increasing Cultural Diversity. In the selection of panel data estimation methods, the results of those preliminary analysis are taken into account. The existence of cross-sectional dependence in variables and the error term is obtained from the model analyzed with Pesaran (2004) \({\text{CD}}_{{{\text{LM}}}}\) and Pesaran et al. 2011). Achieving economic development or increasing the level of welfare depends on achieving and sustaining the main objectives in political, economic, and social areas. Effect of democracy on health: Ecological study. (2014). When trade liberalization and income increases are considered together, people's access to treatments and medications can be easier and life expectancy may be prolonged. The United Nations (2019). Positive and Negative Effects of Social Media in Globalization The massive number of ideas that people share through such platforms as Twitter and Facebook has noticeably influenced a change in lifestyles, preferences, political ideologies and academic achievements, both for the positive and negative. Among the macrotrends listed, businesses predict the strongest net job-creation effect to be driven by investments that facilitate the green transition of businesses, the broader application of ESG standards and supply chains becoming more localized, albeit with job growth offset by . Correspondence to 4, \({\stackrel{\sim }{\beta }}_{i}\) and \({\overbrace{\beta }}_{WFE},\) respectively, indicate the parameters obtained from pooled OLS and weighted fixed effects estimation, while \({M}_{T}\) is the identity matrix. Journal of cleaner production, 188, 144157. This poor performance is in part due to social and political instability and with conflicts between the rights of individuals verses the interest of cultural groups. Is trade good for your health? (2008) bias-adjusted LM test. 1, significant differences exist between developing countries and developed countries in achieving health-related goals. Knowledge sharing and technology transfer between nations have become easier. PDF Globalization Positive or Negative? 4-6 - Province of Manitoba World Health Organization. Review of International Economics, 15(4), 660682. (2019). Dreher, A., & Gaston, N. (2008). 2. Safaei (2006) also investigated the impact of democracy on life expectancy and adult and child mortality rates with the data of 32 autocratic, 13 incoherent, and 72 democratic countries. Effects of Globalization on the Environment - Business Insights Blog Bergh, A., & Nilsson, T. (2010). Econometric analysis of panel data. One such cadre, according to political scientist Samuel Huntington in The Clash of Civilizations (1998), comprises an elite group of highly educated people who operate in the rarefied domains of international finance, media, and diplomacy. However, we should consider other possibilities in the context of spreading communicable diseases. Ulucak, R., & Bilgili, F. (2018). 2022. Diabetes Care, 34(6), 12491257. Traditional panel data methods are based on the assumption that no cross-sectional dependence exists among cross section units. 2006). Political and economic stability facilitate globalization as well. Instead of only selling products in their country a business can expand to other regions boosting sales and in the process making more money. Buss, P. M. (2002). This index has been used in previous literature as a proxy of SDG17 (Saint Akadiri et al. The previous literature provides a lack of evidence in the context of globalization, democracy, and life expectancy relationship. However, it was emphasized that some sub-goals should be realized in order to reach this goal. With economic globalization, increased economic activity may lead to urbanization. Definition of Globalization, Here are 5 Negative and Positive Impacts Kabir (2008) analyzed the determinants of life expectancy in 91 developing countries. This assumption is hard to satisfy due to integration among countries. The International journal of health planning and management, 31(4), 511536. In this sense, it can be said that the evidence we found for low-income countries is in line with the author's evidence. Positive and negative effects of Globalization. This is because globalization enables economies to compete fairly at all levels, hence attracting investors. There are several reasons why this might be the case, including: Access to labor: Globalization gives all nations access to a wider labor pool. Econometrica, 74(4), 9671012. In Eq. The author suggested the estimation of k using an information criterion as. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. By the beginning of the 21st century, institutions such as Cultural Survival were operating on a world scale, drawing attention to indigenous groups who are encouraged to perceive themselves as first peoplesa new global designation emphasizing common experiences of exploitation among indigenous inhabitants of all lands. Globalization pros and cons: economic, cultural, political The journal of Developing areas, 41, 185204. One should also notice that wider markets and higher returns are important factors that motivate entrepreneurs. Named after the Swiss town that began hosting annual meetings of the World Economic Forum in 1971, these Davos insiders share common beliefs about individualism, democracy, and market economics. Empirical results show democracy has a significant positive impact on life expectancy and it reduces infant mortality. In the estimation of the long-run relationship between the variables, second-generation panel data analysis methods that consider cross-sectional dependency are used. Pesaran, M. H., Ullah, A., & Yamagata, T. (2008). First, we provide a new perspective in the context of sustainable development goals. Since the start of civilization, people have traded goods with their neighbors. (2020). The democracy variable (dem) is provided from the Polity IV project dataset (Marshall and Jaggers 2002). Gives Access to a Larger Market Through globalization countries and companies have access to a bigger consumer base. Economics Letters, 97(3), 185190. According to Bai and Kao (2006), CUP-FM estimator is robust under cross-sectional dependence. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. The results show that the null of cointegration is accepted for all models. In 2013, a textile factory building collapsed, killing more than 1,100 workers. Welander, A., Lyttkens, C. H., & Nilsson, T. (2015). Alam, M. S., Raza, S. A., Shahbaz, M., & Abbas, Q. Or, Z. Social Media and Globalization: Positive and Negative Effects Essay In addition, ignoring the cross-sectional dependence results in inconsistent estimations. The migrant labourers may leave their families and live temporarily in another country, thus disrupting the family and social fabric of their home . Particularly rising sexual tourism and migrant sex workers increase the spread of sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV/AIDS. For example, many software engineers and Internet entrepreneurs who live and work in Silicon Valley, California, maintain homes inand strong social ties toIndian states such as Maharashtra and Punjab. In low-income countries where people still suffer from having difficulty in meeting basic human needs, increasing per capita income may lead to better nutritional status, easier access to advanced treatment methods and technology. Politicians who have never tasted poverty do not have the urge to take action against the problems of the poor at the right time. 1229). These include improving international resource mobility, helping developing countries to attain debt sustainability, promoting the transfer of information and technology between developed and developing countries, an open and rule-based free trade system, encouraging publicprivate and civil society partnerships, increasing transparency and accountability, and high quality and reliable data (United Nations 2019).
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